ALLEGED THIEF CHOKED OUT BY GUARD (July 2024 Video), Analysis by: James U. Sy Jr., Faculty Member, Technological University of the Philippines Visayas (TUPV)

A viral video (said to be from July 2024) have been making its “reincarnation” rounds in certain parts of Facebook yesterday, April 25, 2025. 96.7/90.3 XFM Bacolod picked up the “reincarnation” of this viral video and posted it on their Facebook account on April 25, 2025. CONTEXT: A rudimentary search of the Internet yielded no official report of this incident from Philippine mainstream media. However, it was gathered from fragmentary (and unconfirmed) information on Facebook that two individuals riding on a motorcycle caught up with a suspected thief who was supposed to have stolen from 711. The suspect (in white shirt) did not offer any resistance, demonstrating his intent to give up, but the pursuer in black, said to be a security guard, grabbed him and latched a rear naked choke on the suspect. It can be seen that the suspect did not resist and tapped out but the guard continuously applied pressure on the neck, placing it at an awkward angle, until the suspect went entirely limp by which time he was laid to the ground face down and handcuffed. It has been alleged that the suspect died of a broken neck/spinal damage and the guard as of press time was being hunted by the police, but certain comments on Facebook say that the suspect is actually alive. MORAL ISSUE: Causing harm to someone who had surrendered is seen as unnecessary and immoral. The harming a non-resisting individual (act) is considered immoral no matter the justification (intention, i.e. to take into custody). LEGAL ISSUES: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, ratified during the term of the 11th President of the Republic of the Philippines María Corazón “Cory” S. Cojuangco-Aquino (1933-2009), guarantees the restoration and protection of the freedom and rights of the Filipino people and the equality of all regardless of social status before the law, most notably in the Bill of Rights Section 1 where it states, “No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.” Even petty or big-time criminals are afforded these rights under the Constitution. The person of interest (POI), after being arrested, is still considered a suspect, rather than outright as a thief following the legal principle “a person is deemed innocent until proven beyond reasonable doubt” pending investigation and judgement. So it appears that his rights has been violated. Obviously, the security guard could not invoke self defense in this case as Article 11 of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 3815) states that to do so without criminal liability requires three elements/conditions: 1. Unlawful aggression (real and immediate threat), 2. reasonable necessity of the means employed to prevent or repel it (reasonable amount of force proportional to the severity of the attack), and 3. lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the person defending himself (no provocation from the defender). The act of choking the suspect does not meet any of the three elements required by Article 11 of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines. The suspect gave himself up, offering no resistance. Thus, there’s no unlawful aggression which follows that no force is necessary at that point. In case the guard “killed” the suspect he can be charged with murder or homicide since the first element is lacking. Ultimately, it is the court that will decide whether choking the suspect constitute self defense or not. However, based on the available evidence andbreakdown of the relevant law, we can see that the guard was beyond what is permitted by law. MEDICAL ISSUES: Holds on the neck can either be a choke or a strangle, restricting flow of the blood or the air. Properly applied, a choke will work within 1-3 seconds. A limp body would indicate that the receiver had already lost consciousness and that the hold has to be loosened to prevent any unnecessary injury or worse, brain damage and/or death. Due to its dangers chokeholds in Judo are normally taught to more advanced and matured practitioners since its use brings with it the responsibility to ensure the safety of the receiver. NOTE TO MARTIAL ARTISTS. It is obvious that the security guard has knowledge of the martial arts and it would appear that he wanted to show off his skills or at least try it out in a real situation. Teachers of the martial arts of the modern era had always taught that one’s skills are not to be indiscriminately demonstrated in public and for no justifiable reason. Those skills are meant to protect yourself, your loved ones, the weak, and the oppressed.

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Remembering the Legacy of Dr. Henry Florida Funtecha (1947-2009) by: James U. Sy Jr., Faculty Member, TUPV

Updated Version 2.0 of the original piece “A Memorial to Dr. Henry F. Funtecha (1947-2009)” published in the Visayan Filipino Martial Arts, October 22, 2009 PHOTO: Berks Joseph Tan FB 17 Mar. 2025 Today, March 17, 2025, let us reminisce and celebrate the illustrious life and legacy of the prominent and distinguished historian, educator, and author writer Dr. Henry Florida Funtecha (1947-2009) of Iloilo City. He devoted his life to the study and the preservation of Western Visayan history and culture. He not only contributed so much to the social sciences but inspired a new generation of researches and histories to take up the cudgel when he is gone. Today would have been Dr. Funtecha’s 78th birthday. Henry Florida Funtecha was born Felimon Funtecha and Bernardita Florida, both of Dumalag, Province of Capiz, Philippines on March 17, 1947. He was the couple’s fourth child. His siblings, in descending order, are Gilbert, Felix, Aida Ampatin, and Edwin. Funtecha has shown his potential early on, graduating valedictorian at the Duran Elementary School in Dumalag. He then went to the Central Philippine University (CPU) for his secondary and college education, eventually earning a Bachelor in Science in Arts and Sciences with a Major in History. He was awarded his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) by the University of San Agustin (USA). Dr. Funtecha was an educator for three Higher Education Institutions during his lifetime. His first teaching stint was at Dansalan College Foundation Inc. (DCFI) (launched as Dansalan Junior College in 1950) in the Islamic city of Marawi (formerly Dansalan) in Mindanao in 1967-1968. He next taught at his alma mater, Central Philippine University (CPU). Funtecha cemented his legacy at the University of the Philippines in the Visayas (UP-V), where he served for 33 years. Dr. Funtecha served in various capacities at UP-V. He was a full professor of History at the College of Arts and Sciences, Miagao Campus, Chairperson of the Division of Social Sciences, and Coordinator of the Research and Extension Program of the college. He served as Director of the Center for West Visayan Studies, the unit of UP-V mandated to preserve and propagate the historical and cultural legacies of Region 6 (Western Visayas), from 1988 to 1996. Furthermore, he was Chairperson of the UPV Centennial Program and Coordinator of the Visayan Studies Program. Dr. Funtecha was well appreciated and recognized for his significant institution. He was hailed as UPV’s Most Outstanding Faculty for the period 1991-1996 and was named as one of the outstanding alumni of the university by CPU’s College of Arts & Sciences for 2005. He was a semi-finalist in Metro Bank Foundation’s Ten Outstanding Teachers of the Philippines in 1997. Dr. Funtecha’s search for excellence knew no boundaries. As a specialist of local history, he was awarded a grant on local history in the Philippines from the Asia Foundation, Inc. in 1973. He was a British Council fellow on Local Studies in Great Britain in 1988. He went to Japan on an exchange program as a special scientist in 2004. As a devoted and prolific researcher, historian and writer, Dr. Funtecha authored and published ten books and wrote about 48 scholarly articles in journals, almanacs, and conferences. As a regular columnist of The News Today (TNT) since 2001, under his column “Bridging the Gap,” which dealt with a wide spectrum of topics with historical and cultural significance to the West Visayans. “Bridging the Gap” made history more accessible to the public. He authored the cover story of the 2007 TNT Iloilo Yearbook “Calle Real.” Today, 16 years after Dr. Funtecha left this world his body of work still continue to be essential and indispensable references materials for the next generation of students and researchers. Among his authoritative published books were The American Military Occupation of the Lake Lanao Region, 1901-1913 (1979), Historical Landmarks and Monuments of Iloilo (1999) with Prof. Melanie Padilla, Iloilo in the 20th Century: An Economic History (1997), Popular Festivals in West Visayas (1995), The UP-V Centennial Committee publication The Struggle Against the Spaniards and the Americans in West Visayas (1998) as Co-Editor with Prof. Padilla, and A Study Guide in Philippine History (1999) with Prof. Padilla. Among his numerous journal article were “A Preliminary Study of ‘Bisaya’ - ‘Moro’ Contacts during the Early Spanish Period: Focus on Iloilo,” “The Ilongo ‘Revolucionarios’ and the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution” (1982), “The Urbanization of the Town of Iloilo. 1865-1900.” “The ‘Iloilo Fiasco’” (1986), “The History and Culture of Boats and Boat-Building in the Western Visayas” (2000), and “The Iloilo River: Development History in a Changing Landscape, 1855-1937” (2003). The works of Dr. Funtecha, along with that of another distinguished and prominent Faculty Member of the Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences (DSS-CAS), UP Visayas Dr. Alice Magos, were donated to the UPV Center for West Visayan Studies (UPV-CWVS) of CAS in a simple ceremony on December 6, 2013 at the CWVS Library in the main building, Iloilo City Campus with an aim to contribute in the preservation and promotion of the cultural legacy of the Western Visayas region. Dr. Funtecha, aside from being a extraordinary scholar, was a loving husband, a caring father, and a good friend to his peers and the people around him. He married Prof. Nelly Sulay of Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental in 1973 and they were blessed with three children, now all professionals themselves - Ree Lee Lloyd, Hennel Rhee, and Henry Agafel. Aida Funtecha-Ampatin, Dr. Funtecha’s sister, described him as a loving brother, husband, and father, a good provider, and staunch supporterof his children. He is a lover of poetry and had himself written several pieces which he had compiled. Maria Milagros Geremia-Lachica, formerly University Research Associate at the UP-V Center for West Visayan Studies, described Dr. Funtecha as a very supportive boss, very approachable and always ready to give a helping hand. The writer of this piece, James U. Sy Jr., himself an educator (presently at the Technological University of the Philippines Visayas - TUPV), sought out Dr. Funtecha at UP-V for some advice about the book he was writing on the historical roots of the Filipino Martial Arts (FMA) of Arnis/Eskrima in Negros Occidental. The very first thing that Dr. Funtecha asked was Sy’s conclusion of his research. They talked about the 10 Bornean Datus as well as other historical figures of Western Visayas. Prior to that Sy had already read some of Dr. Funtecha’s writings. He inspired Sy to write more scholastic pieces. Dr. Funtecha agreed to write the foreword for Sy’s book but never materialized due to his untimely passing. Dr. Funtecha suffered a stroke and fell into a coma on October 11, 2009 in his home. Shortly after he passed away on October 15, 2009, 12:30 A.M., at the Iloilo Mission Hospital, Mission Road, Jaro, Iloilo City. He was 62. His body was laid at the Chapel of the Celin Ancheta and Pagsuberon Hall at the Central Philippine University (CPU) before he was buried on October 22, 2009 at Green Garden Memorial, Tagbak, Jaro, Iloilo City. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Thank you to the Funtecha Family for providing me with most of the personal information about Dr. Funtecha and to Mr. Eliod Dimzon of UP-V for providing the pictures for the original post at Visayan Filipino Martial Arts (VFMA) blog. Information herewith were also based on the Iloilo Yearbook 2007.

Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII) Rank Promotion Examination, March 23, 2025, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Bacolod City

Rhaell Ayz M. Briz of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since December 2024), son of Mariella Montilla, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Bella Kate Baterna of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since January 2025), daughter of Ina Baterna, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after her successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Kenzo Dmitri M. Santos of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since December 2024), son of Annhela M. Santos, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Jiereah Faith Olis of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago, daughter of Riesben S. Olis, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after her successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Emmanuel Pancho of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since January 2025), son of Cymeon Pancho Jr., with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Spike Gabrylle Sobrepeña of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since December 2024), son of Maria Fe Saludares, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to High Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Prince Lean Pajaro of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since November 2024), son of Lester Pajaro, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to High Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Princess Blair Bullen of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since October 2024), daughter of Maria Fe Saludares, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after her successful promotion exam to High Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Sandy Julianne Sobrepeña of of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since October 2024), daughter of Maria Fe Saludares, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after her successful promotion exam to Low Blue Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Cyrus Puertillano of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since November 2024), son of Johna Puertillano, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to Low Blue Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Cid Martin John Casuyon of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since November 2024), son of John Mark B. Casuyon, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to High Brown Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Rhaell Ayz M. Briz of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since December 2024), son of Mariella Montilla, with his instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after his successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Bella Kate Baterna of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since January 2025), daughter of Ina Baterna, with her instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after her successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Kenzo Dmitri M. Santos of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since December 2024), son of Annhela M. Santos, with his instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after his successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Jiereah Faith Olis of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago, daughter of Riesben S. Olis, with her instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after her successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Emmanuel Pancho of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since January 2025), son of Cymeon Pancho Jr., his instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after his successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Spike Gabrylle Sobrepeña of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since December 2024), son of Maria Fe Saludares, with his instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after his successful promotion exam to High Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Prince Lean Pajaro of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since November 2024), son of Lester Pajaro, with his instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after his successful promotion exam to High Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Princess Blair Bullen of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since October 2024), daughter of Maria Fe Saludares, with her instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after her successful promotion exam to High Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Sandy Julianne Sobrepeña of of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since October 2024), daughter of Maria Fe Saludares, with his instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after her successful promotion exam to Low Blue Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Cyrus Puertillano of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since November 2024), son of Johna Puertillano, with his instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after his successful promotion exam to Low Blue Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Cid Martin John Casuyon of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since November 2024), son of John Mark B. Casuyon, with his instructor Robert Tambanillo Kyosanim, Founder/Chief Instructor of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA), 3rd Dan Black Belt World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, after his successful promotion exam to High Brown Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Rhaell Ayz M. Briz of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since December 2024) with his mother Mariella Montilla after his successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Bella Kate Baterna of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since January 2025) with her mother Ina Baterna after her successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Kenzo Dmitri M. Santos of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since December 2024) with his mother Annhela M. Santos and his grandmother after his successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Jiereah Faith Olis of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago with her father Riesben S. Olis after her successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Emmanuel Pancho of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (since January 2025) with his father Cymeon Pancho Jr. after his successful promotion exam to Low Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Spike Gabrylle Sobrepeña of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since December 2024) with his mother Maria Fe Saludares after his successful promotion exam to High Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Sandy Julianne Sobrepeña of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since October 2024) with her mother Maria Fe Saludares after her successful promotion exam to Low Blue Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Cyrus Puertillano of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since November 2024), son of Johna Puertillano, with his sister Katniss “Kat-Kat” Puertillano after his successful promotion exam to Low Blue Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Cid Martin John Casuyon of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)- Bago (since November 2024) with his father John Mark B. Casuyon after his successful promotion exam to High Brown Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Prince Lean Pajaro of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-San Enrique (since November 2024) with his mother Mae Ann Alabado Pajaro after his successful promotion exam to High Yellow Belt on March 23, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII) Rank Promotion Examination, March 22, 2025, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Bacolod City

PHOTO CAPTION: Melvin Q. Dayon of Black Knights Taekwondo Academy (BKTA)-Bago (Crosstrains at EC Taekwondo), son of Elvie Dayon & Melonie Dayon, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to High Blue Belt (5th Geup) on March 22, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Sebastian Jose Ordoñez of EC Taekwondo (since 2019), son of Edwin Peter Ordoñez, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to 1st Poom Black Belt on March 22, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Kenshin Sedrick S. Defensor of EC Taekwondo (since 2022), son of Eden B. Defensor and Richlyn S. Defensor, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to 2nd Poom Black Belt on March 22, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).

Trevor Zachary L. Causing of EC Taekwondo (since 2022) , son of Jose Roberto R. Causing and Georgia Christine L. Causing, with International Master Erwin A. Camara (right), 6th Dan World Taekwondo Chang Moo Kwan, Founder/Chief Instructor of Changmmokwan Philippines Negros Island Inc. (CMKPNII), after his successful promotion exam to 2nd Poom Black Belt on March 22, 2025 at EC Taekwondo Dojang, 4th Level, Ayala Malls Capitol Central, Gatuslao St, Bacolod City (James U. Sy Jr./CMAS photo).